विवाहभेदाः
अलङ्कृत्य कन्यामुदकपूर्वां दद्यादेष ब्राह्मो विवाहः ।
The Brāhma wedding (एषः ब्राह्मः विवाहः) is one in which (the father of the bride) gives her away (कन्याम् दद्यात्), preceded by a libation of water (उदकपूर्वाम्), having decked her with ornaments (अलङ्कृत्य).
तस्यां जातो द्वादशावरान्द्वादश परान्पुनात्युभयतः ।
The son born of her (तस्याम् जातः) purifies (पुनाति) twelve generations of descendants (द्वादश अवरान्) and twelve of ancestors (द्वादश परान्) on both sides (उभयतः) (i.e. of both parents).
ऋत्विजे वितते कर्मणि दद्यादलङ्कृत्य स दैवो दाशावरान्दश परान्पुनात्युभयतः ।
The Daiva wedding (सः दैवः) is one in which (the father of the bride) gives her away with (दद्यात्), having decked her with ornaments (अलङ्कृत्य), to an officiating priest (ऋत्विजे) during a Śrauta ritual (वितते कर्मणि). (The son born of such a marriage) purifies (पुनाति) ten generations of descendants (दश अवरान्) and ten of ancestors (दश परान्) on both sides (उभयतः) (i.e. of both parents).
Notes
- वितते कर्मणि = वैतानिके कर्मणि – the Śrauta ritual in which the domestic fires are “extended”
सह धर्मं चरत इति प्राजापत्योऽष्टावरानष्ट परान्पुनात्युभयतः ।
The Prājāpatya wedding (प्राजापत्यः) (is one in which in which the couple follows the injunction) “Live together righteously” (सह धर्मम् चरत इति). (The son born of such a marriage) purifies (पुनाति) eight generations of descendants (अष्ट अवरान्) and eight of ancestors (अष्ट परान्) on both sides (उभयतः) (i.e. of both parents).
गोमिथुनं दत्त्वोपयच्छेत स आर्षः सप्तावरान्सप्त परान्पुनात्युभयतः ।
The Ārṣa wedding (सः आर्षः ) (is one in which) the suitor marries (उपयच्छेत), having presented a bull and a cow (गोमिथुनम् दत्त्वा) (to the bride’s father). (The son born of such a marriage) purifies (पुनाति) seven generations of descendants (सप्त अवरान्) and seven of ancestors (सप्त परान्) on both sides (उभयतः) (i.e. of both parents).
मिथः समयं कृत्वोपयच्छेत स गान्धर्वः ।
The Gāndharva wedding (सः गान्धर्वः) (is one in which) the suitor marries (उपयच्छेत), having made a mutual pledge (मिथः समयं कृत्वा) [to the effect that “You be my wife” and “I will be your husband”].
धनेनोपतोष्योपयच्छेत स आसुरः ।
The Āsura wedding (सः आसुरः) (is one in which) the suitor marries (उपयच्छेत), having pleased (उपतोष्य) (the bride’s father) through wealth (धनेन).
सुप्तानां प्रमत्तानां वापहरेत् स पैशाचः ।
The Paiśāca wedding (सः पैशाचः) (is one in which) the suitor kidnaps (अपहरेत्) a girl who is asleep (सुप्तानाम्) or intoxicated (प्रमत्तानाम् वा).
हत्वा भित्त्वा च शीर्षाणि रुदतीं रुदद्भ्यो हरेत् स राक्षसः ॥ १ ॥
The Rākṣasa wedding (सः राक्षसः) (is one in which) the suitor forcibly takes away (हरेत्) a weeping girl (रुदतीम्) from her lamenting relatives (रुदद्भ्यः), having killed (हत्वा) and beheaded (some of) them (भित्त्वा शीर्षाणि च).
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